Panic
Disorder is a serious condition that around one out of every 75 people might
experience. It usually appears during the teens or early adulthood, and while
the exact causes are unclear, there does seem to be a connection with major
life transitions that are potentially stressful: graduating from college,
getting married, having a first child, and so on. There is also some evidence
for a genetic predisposition; if a family member has suffered from panic
disorder, you have an increased risk of suffering from it yourself, especially
during a time in your life that is particularly stressful.
A panic attack is a sudden surge
of overwhelming fear that comes without warning and without any obvious reason.
It is far more intense than the feeling of being 'stressed out' that most
people experience. Symptoms of a panic attack include:
- raging heartbeat
- difficulty breathing,
feeling as though you 'can't get enough air'
- terror that is almost
paralyzing
- dizziness,
lightheadedness or nausea
- trembling, sweating,
shaking
- choking, chest pains
- hot flashes, or sudden
chills
fear that you're going
to go crazy or are about to die
You probably recognize this
as the classic 'flight or fight' response that human beings experience when we
are in a situation of danger. But during a panic attack, these symptoms seem to
rise from out of nowhere. They occur in seemingly harmless situations--they can
even happen while you are asleep.
In addition to the above
symptoms, a panic attack is marked by the following conditions:
-
it occurs suddenly, without
any warning and without any way to stop it.
-
the level of fear is way out
of proportion to the actual situation; often, in fact, it's completely
unrelated.
-
it passes in a few minutes;
the body cannot sustain the 'fight or flight' response for longer than that.
However, repeated attacks can continue to recur for hours.
A panic attack is not
dangerous, but it can be terrifying, largely because it feels 'crazy' and 'out
of control.' Panic disorder is frightening because of the panic attacks
associated with it, and also because it often leads to other complications such
as phobias, depression, substance abuse, medical complications, even suicide.
Its effects can range from mild word or social impairment to a total inability
to face the outside world.
In fact, the phobias that
people with panic disorder develop do not come from fears of actual objects or
events, but rather from fear of having another attack. In these cases, people
will avoid certain objects or situations because they fear that these things
will trigger another attack.
Please remember that only a
licensed therapist can diagnose a panic disorder. There are certain signs you
may already be aware of, though.
One study found that people
sometimes see 10 or more doctors before being properly diagnosed, and that only
one out of four people with the disorder receive the treatment they need.
That's why it's important to know what the symptoms are, and to make sure you
get the right help.
Many people experience
occasional panic attacks, and if you have had one or two such attacks, there
probably isn't any reason to worry. The key symptom of panic disorder is the
persistent fear of having future panic attacks. If you suffer from repeated
(four or more) panic attacks, and especially if you have had a panic attack and
are in continued fear of having another, these are signs that you should
consider finding a mental health professional who specializes in panic or
anxiety disorders.
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